|
The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon ((ヘブライ語:הבלדה על יואל משה סלומון) ''Habaladah al Yoel Moshe Salomon'') is an Israeli popular song from 1970, with lyrics by Yoram Taharlev and music by Shalom Hanoch. In whimsical fashion, the lyrics tell of a trip by the founders of the Petah Tikva ''moshavah'' (agricultural colony)〔Hebrew מושבה ''moshavah'' refers to communities of privately owned farms, and is conventionally rendered in English as ‘colony’.〕 to inspect the land around the village of ’Umlabes in the Yarkon Valley on which the colony was subsequently established. The song helped fuel a controversy amongst descendants of the founders of Petah Tikva regarding the relative roles of their ancestors in establishing the colony. It is an example of how popular song is used in Israel in constructing historical myths. ==Historical Background== Jewish philanthropists had begun to acquire land in Palestine for agricultural purposes as early as the 1850s. Sir Moses Montefiore purchased ten hectares of orange groves outside Jaffa in 1855, to be worked by Jews from that city. In 1870, the Alliance Israelite Universelle founded the Mikve Israel agricultural school some five kilometres south of Jaffa on 260 hectares of land leased from the Turkish government.〔The 1870 date is given in .〕 Also in the 1850s, a Baghdadi Jew named Shaul Yehuda purchased a farm near Colonia, outside Jerusalem. It later became the community of Motza.〔Sources give different dates for this purchase–1859 by and 1860 in .〕 The religiously observant Jews from the Old Yishuv in Jerusalem, who founded Petah Tikva, had initially been less successful in obtaining agricultural land.〔For brief discussions of the Old Yishuv and its early agricultural settlement activity, see , the sections titled ''The “Old Settlement”'' and ''The “Old Settlement” Stirs'', respectively. See also , particularly the section titled ''Emigrants and Immigrants: An Overview''. The article Jewish land purchase in Palestine has some information on Ottoman restrictions on Jewish land purchases and settlement.〕 The Arab intermediary through whom they were to have been purchased 4000 dunams near Hebron in 1875 decided to buy the land for himself. Their attempt to acquire land at Khirbat Deiran near Ramla also failed, though that property was eventually purchased in 1890 on behalf of a group of Polish Jews. There they established the colony of Rehovot.〔The Hebrew Wikipedia article on the ''Ballad'' mentions the earlier failed attempt.〕 The eventual founders of Petah Tikva had also tried to purchase land near Jericho in 1876 for a colony they intended to name ''Petah Tikva'' ‘Opening of Hope’. The name ''Petah Tikva'' is a biblical reference associated with the Achor Valley near Jericho.〔“And I will give her her vineyards therefrom, and the valley of Achor as a door of hope.” (Hosea 2:17)〕 The name was later transferred to the colony established near Jaffa. In 1878 the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northwest of Jaffa near the village of Umlabes.〔The village name is pronounced ''Umlabes'' in the song, and written thus on web page on (malaria ) in Israel. Other English sources represent it differently. It is Mulabbes in , Melabes in and in , and Ummlebis in . The Wikipedia article Petah Tikva gives three other versions.〕 The land was owned by two Christian businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan’s property was the larger, some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of the Yarkon Valley. Qassar’s smaller block, some 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometres to the south of the Yarkon, away from the swampland. It was this healthier area that was purchased on July 30, 1878. Tayan’s holdings were purchased later when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva in the following year.〔; ; has a more detailed discussion of the Yarkonim, in Hebrew.〕 The fear of malaria proved well-founded when an epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing the abandonment of the settlements on both holdings.〔 suggests that the colonists began to abandon Petah Tikva in late 1880, and had all left in 1881.〕 Those who remained in the area moved south to Yehud. After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by Bilu immigrants in 1883 some of the original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron Edmond de Rothschild, the colony became more stable. The founders and first settlers of Petah Tikva are generally acknowledged to include Zerach Barnett, David Gutmann, Eleazar Raab and his son Yehuda, Yoel Moshe Salomon, and Yehoshua Stampfer. Some accounts add Nathan Gringart (who provided financing to the colony but didn’t actually take up residence there), Michal Leib Katz (Zanger),〔The Hebrew Wikipedia article on Petah Tikva mentions Katz (Zanger), as does . The latter says he joined the colony shortly after its founding.〕 and Rabbi Aryeh Leib Frumkin, one of the better known of the Yarkonim. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Ballad of Yoel Moshe Salomon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|